安晏庆,张欣松,杜伟东

• 1:福州大学紫金地质与矿业学院

摘要(Abstract)：

华南中—上泥盆统碳酸盐岩高度发育,但却缺乏系统碳酸盐岩微相研究。广西都安四红山剖面和宜州拉利剖面的中—上泥盆统连续发育,是华南泥盆系重要的参考剖面。中—晚泥盆世,四红山剖面为斜坡—盆地相,而拉利剖面为台地—盆地相。本文重建了这两条剖面中—上泥盆统牙形石生物地层,在此基础上结合碳酸盐岩微相沉积学研究,恢复了它们同时期沉积环境演变过程,为不同地层单元的区域对比提供了可靠依据。在吉维特期和弗拉期FZ1～FZ4期,四红山剖面主要为分水岭组硅质灰岩及“榴江组”钙质泥岩,拉利剖面主要为老爷坟组礁灰岩。而在弗拉期牙形石带FZ5～FZ8期间,两条剖面均因海侵事件造成台地淹没形成五指山组,主要特征为大化石稀少的微晶/瘤状/泥质条带灰岩,本次海侵可以与全球Middlesex事件相对应。此外中—晚泥盆世一系列生物环境事件,如F-F事件可通过牙形类的种群更替得以识别。

关键词(KeyWords)： 吉维特阶;弗拉阶;广西;泥盆纪;沉积微相;牙形类

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(42002017)资助

作者(Author): 安晏庆,张欣松,杜伟东

DOI: 10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2024.0011

参考文献(References)：

• 陈志明,杨培基,潘正莆,侯奎,刘国梁.1983.湘、桂中晚泥盆世台槽相沉积特征[J].沉积学报,1(3):88-98,142.
• 方道年.1985.广西晚泥盆世“扁豆灰岩”的成因及沉积环境的探讨[J].广西地质,(2):1-8.
• 龚一鸣,李保华.2001.泥盆系弗拉阶/法门阶之交事件沉积和海平面变化[J].地球科学,21(3):251-257.
• 龚一鸣,徐冉,李保华.2008.中国上泥盆统佘田桥阶层型剖面及数字定年研究报告[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 龚一鸣,徐冉,汤中道,李保华.2004.广西上泥盆统轨道旋回地层与牙形石带的数字定年[J].中国科学:地球科学,34(7):635-643.
• 郭伟,李熙喆,张晓伟,兰朝利,梁萍萍,沈伟军,郑马嘉.2022.深水陆棚富有机质页岩沉积微相-微地貌及其对储层的控制作用--以四川盆地南部五峰组-龙马溪组页岩为例[J].石油学报,43(8):1089-1106.
• 贺训云,姚根顺,贺晓苏,陈子炓,王鹏万.2011.桂中坳陷泥盆系烃源岩发育环境及潜力评价[J].石油学报,32(2):273-279.
• 侯鸿飞,曹宣铎,王士涛,鲜思远,王金星.2000.中国地层典:泥盆系[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 侯鸿飞,季强,鲜思远,王金星.1986.广西象州马鞍山中上泥盆统界线[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 侯鸿飞,王士涛.1988.中国地层(7):中国的泥盆系[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 侯亚飞,宋博文,郭俊刚,寇晓虎,尹家一,艾承志,王嘉轩.2021.弗拉期-法门期(F-F)之交事件在广西全州地区的沉积学响应[J].地质通报,40(4):499-511.
• 胡东风,李宇平,段金宝,张矿明,范志伟.2017.桂中地区泥盆纪碳酸盐岩沉积特征与孤立台地礁滩演化[J].岩石学报,33(4):1135-1147.
• 黄家园,梁昆,王玉珏,郄文昆.2019.全球泥盆纪生物礁演化及其影响因素[J].地层学杂志,43(2):198-209.
• 季强.1987.广西宜山拉利多灵山组(新组)牙形刺的发现及其地层意义[J].中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,12(1):173-191.
• 江大勇,丁干,白顺良.2000.广西六景泥盆纪吉维阶-弗拉斯阶界线层牙形石生物地层[J].地层学杂志,24(3):195-200.
• 金若谷.1989.一种深水沉积标志--“瘤状结核”及其成因[J].沉积学报,7(2):51-61.
• 邝国敦,赵明特,陶业斌.1989.中国海相泥盆系标准剖面广西六景泥盆系剖面[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
• 李华,马学平,韦龙明.2009.广西菜子岩剖面中上泥盆统界线附近沉积相与海平面变化--兼论华南吉维期中期的海退及时间[J].古地理学报,11(5):503-512.
• 李金梅,巩恩普,孙宝亮,关长庆,张永利,常洪伦.2010.贵州紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩微相特征与沉积环境的研究[J].沉积学报,28(1):26-32.
• 李娜.2018.广西宜州拉利地区晚泥盆世牙形石生物地层[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京).
• 李亚.2021.华北克拉通西缘青龙山奥陶纪晚达瑞威尔期牙形石及其生物相[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京).
• 刘喜停,颜佳新,马志鑫,薛武强.2014.华南栖霞组灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层的成因[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),39(2):155-164.
• 栾晓聪,刘建波,詹仁斌,吴荣昌.2015.安徽南部下、中奥陶统紫台组碳酸盐岩微相与海平面变化[J].古地理学报,17(2):249-264.
• 骆满生,袁晓萍,张克信,何卫红.2023.中国泥盆系构造-地层区划及岩石地层格架[J].地球科学.DOI:10.3799/dqkx.2022.348
• 马学平,宗普.2010.湖南中-晚泥盆世腕足动物组合、海平面升降及古地理演变[J].中国科学:地球科学,40(9):1204-1218.
• 穆道成,阮亦萍,王成源,王志浩,施从广,陈挺恩,殷保安.1982.广西那坡三叉河海相泥盆纪生物地层[J].地层学杂志,4(7):294-301.
• 潘松圻,邹才能,李勇,荆振华,刘恩涛,袁铭,张国生,杨智,吴松涛,邱振,刘翰林.2021.重大生物事件与化石能源形成演化--兼论地球系统框架下能源学发展[J].石油勘探与开发,48(3):498-509.
• 郄文昆,郭文,马学平,宋俊俊,徐洪河,乔丽,梁昆,陈波,卢建峰,常君滢.2021.中国泥盆纪岩石地层划分和对比[J].地层学杂志,45(3):286-302.
• 郄文昆,马学平,徐洪河,乔丽,梁昆,郭文,宋俊俊,陈波,卢建峰.2019.中国泥盆纪综合地层和时间框架[J].中国科学:地球科学,49(1):115-138.
• 沈建伟,赵娜,王月,杨红强.2012.构造和地层背景对华南、澳大利亚和日本晚泥盆世和密西西比纪生物礁发育的影响[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),37(3):391-400.
• 苏一保,韦仁彦,邝国敦,季强.1988.广西宜山拉利多灵山泥盆-石炭系界线层牙形刺的发现及其意义[J].微体古生物学报,5(2):183-194,236-237.
• 王成源.2019.中国泥盆纪牙形刺[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.
• 王玉珏,梁昆,陈波,宋俊俊,郭文,乔丽,黄家园,郄文昆.2020.晚泥盆世F-F大灭绝事件研究进展[J].地层学杂志,44(3):277-298.
• 吴诒,龚一鸣,杜远生.1997.华南泥盆纪层序地层及海平面变化[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
• 夏邦栋.1959.中国东南部碳酸盐地层中的缝合线构造[J].地质学报,39(2):155-166,237-238.
• 鲜思远,王守德,周希云,熊剑飞,周天.1980.华南泥盆纪南丹型地层及古生物[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社.
• 杨润宇,袁志伟,彭展,韩淑朋,殷保安,沈冰,孙元林.2021.桂东仁义剖面吉维特阶上部的牙形石及腕足动物[J].古生物学报,60(3):376-400.
• 苑金玲,江海水,王达成.2015.新型无机重液LST在牙形石分离中的使用[J].地质科技情报,34(5):225-230.
• 曾子轩,刘晓峰,楼章华,金宠,高磊.2019.古代深海硅质岩-黏土岩-碳酸盐岩系列(SAC)的岩石学分类[J].地球科学,44(2):475-488.
• 张欣松.2019.华南与西准噶尔晚泥盆世牙形石生物地层、事件地层和化学地层[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉).
• 钟铿,吴诒,殷保安,梁演林,姚肇贵,彭金兰.1992.广西的泥盆系广西地层之一[J].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
• Abbache A,Ouali M A,Allaire N,Monnet C,Cr?nier C,Zaagane M,Fetati A.2022.Upper Devonian“griottes”facies of the Ben-Zireg area(Bechar Basin,southwestern Algeria):Stratigraphy,microfacies analysis and paleo-environmental reconstruction[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,196:104730-104756.
• Aboussalam Z S,Becker R T.2007.New upper Givetian to basal Frasnian conodont faunas from the Tafilalt (Anti-Atlas,Southern Morocco)[J].Geological Quarterly,51:345-374.
• Bai S L,Bai Z Q,Ma X P,Wang D R,Sun Y L.1994.Devonian Events and Biostratigraphy of South China[M].Beijing:Peking University Press.
• Bardashev I A,Weddige K,Ziegler W.2002.The phylomorphogensis of some Early Devonian platform conodonts[J].Senckenbergiana Lethaea,82(2):375-452.
• Becker R T.2007.Results of the voting on Givetian and Frasnian substages[J].SDS Newsletter,22:1-2.
• Becker R T,House M R.1997.Sea-level changes in the Upper Devonian of the Canning Basin,Western Australia[J].Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,199:129-146.
• Bischoff G,Ziegler W.1957.Die Conodontenchronologie des Mittledevon und tiefsten Oberdevons[J].Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung,22:1-136.
• Bond D P G,Wignall P B.2008.The role of sea-level change and marine anoxia in the Frasnian-Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,263:107-118.
• Branson E B,Mehl M G.1934.Conodonts from the grassy creek shale of Missouri[J].University of Missouri Studies,8:171-259.
• Brett C E,Allison P A.1998.Paleontological approaches to the environmental interpretation of marine mudrocks[M]//Schieber J,Zimmerle W,and Sethi P S (eds.).Shales and Mustones,Vol.1:Basin Studies,Sedimentology and Paleontology.Stuttgart:E.Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,301-349.
• Brett C E,Baird G C,Bartholomew A J,DeSantis M K,Ver Straeten C A.2011.Sequence stratigraphy and a revised sea-level curve for the Middle Devonian of eastern North America[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,304:21-53.
• Brett C E,Zambito IV J J,McLaughlin P I,Emsbo P.2020.Revised perspectives on Devonian biozonation and environmental volatility in the wake of recent time-scale revisions[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,549:108843.
• Chen D Z,Guo Z,Jiang M,Guo C,Ding Y.2016.Dynamics of cyclic carbonate deposition and biotic recovery on platforms during the Famennian of Late Devonian in Guangxi,South China:Constraints from high-resolution cycle and sequence stratigraphy[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,448:245-265.
• Dunham R J.1962.Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture[J].AAPG,Special Volumes:108-121.
• Flügel E.2004.Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks Analysis,Interpretation and Application[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer.
• Guillaume L H,Yannick D,Yves G,Brigitte M B,Gilles R,Blakey R C.2011.The climate change caused by the land plant invasion in the Devonian[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,310(3):203-212.
• Han Y.1987.Study on Upper Devonian Frasnian/Famennian boundary in Ma-anshan,Zhongping,Xiangzhou,Guangxi[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,17:171-194.
• Hinde G.1879.On conodonts from the Chazy and Cincinnati Group of the Cambro-Silurian,and from the Hamil ton and Genesee-Shale divisions of the Devonian,in Canada and the United States[J].Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society,35:351-369.
• Hou H F,Ma X P,Zhou H L,Ogg J G,Shen Y.2022.The End-Devonian Hangenberg Event and its aftermath in South China:Stratigraphic and sedimentary records from shallow to deep water facies[J].EarthScience Reviews,232:104137.
• House M R,2002.Strength,timing,setting and cause of mid-Palaeozoic extinctions[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,181:5-25.
• Huang C,Gong Y M.2016.Timing and patterns of the Frasnian-Famennian event:Evidences from high-resolution conodont biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy at the Yangdi section,Guangxi,South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology.DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.031
• Huang C,Song J J,Shen J,Gong Y M.2018.The influence of the Late Devonian Kellwasser events on deep-water ecosystems:Evidence from palaeontological and geochemical records from South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,504:60-74.
• Huddle J W.1934.Conodonts from the New Albany Shale of Indiana[J].Bulletin of American Paleontology,21:186-323.
• Ji Q.1989.On the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction event in South China[J].Courie Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,117:275-301.
• Ji Q,Ziegler W.1993.The Lali section:an excellent reference section for Upper Devonian in South China[J].Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,157:1-182.
• Johnson J,Klapper G,Sandberg C A.1985.Devonian eustatic fluctuations in Euramerica[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,96:567-587.
• Juergen S.2016.Mud re-distribution in epicontinental basins-Exploring likely processes[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,71:119-133.
• Kabanov P,Jiang C.2020.Photic-zone euxinia and anoxic events in a Middle-Late Devonian shelfal sea of Panthalassan continental margin,NW Canada:Changing paradigm of Devonianocean and sea level fluctuations[J].Global and Planetary Change,188:103153.
• Klapper G.2007.Conodont taxonomy and the recognition of the Frasnian/Famennian (Upper Devonian) stage boundary[J].Stratigraphy,4:67-76.
• Klapper G,Kirchgasser W T.2016.Frasnian Late Devonian conodont biostratigraphy in New York:graphic correlation and taxonomy[J].Journal of Paleontology,90(3):525-554.
• Klapper G,Lane H R.1985.Upper Devonian (Frasnian) conodonts of the Polygnathus biofacies,NWT,Canada[J].Journal of Paleontology,59:904-951.
• Klapper G,Philip G M,Jackson J H.1970.Revision of the Polygnathus varcus Group (Conodonta,Middle Devonian)[J].Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Pal?ontologie Monatshefte,11:650-667.
• Liao J C,Valenzuela-Ríos J I.2008.Givetian and early Frasnian conodonts from the Compte section (Middle-Upper Devonian,Spanish Central Pyrenees)[J].Geological Quarterly,52:1-18.
• Liao J C,Valenzuela-Ríos J I.2013.The Middle and Upper Devonian conodont sequence from La Guardia D’àres Sections (Spanish Central Pyrenees)[J].Bulletin of Gesosciences,88:339-368.
• Liao J C,Valenzuela-Ríos J I.2017.Givetian (Middle Devonian) historical bio-and chronostratigraphical subdivision based on conodonts[J].Lethaia,50:440-446.
• Ma X P,Gong Y M,Chen D Z,Racki G,Chen X Q,Liao W H.2016.The Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian Event in South China-Patterns and causes of extinctions,sea level changes,and isotope variations[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,448:224-244.
• Ma X P,Liao W,Wang D.2010.Middle and Late Devonian brachiopod assemblages,sea level change and paleogeography of Hunan,China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,53:1849-1863.
• Müller K J.1956.Zur Kenntnisder Conodonten-Fauna des europaiischen Devons,1,Die Gattung Palmatolepis[J].Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft,494:1-70.
• Müller K J,Müller E.1957.Early Upper Devonian (Independence)conodonts from Iowa,part I[J].Journal of Paleontology,31:1069-1108.
• Narkiewicz K,Bultynck P.2010.The Upper Givetian (Middle Devonian)subterminus conodont zone in North America,Europe and North Africa[J].Journal of Paleontology,84:588-625.
• Ovnatanova N.1976.Novye pozdnedevonskie konodonty Russkoy Platformy[J].Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal,2:106-115.
• Rasmussen J A.1998.A reinterpretation of the conodont Atlantic Realm in the late Early Ordovician (Early Llanvirn)[J].Acta Palaeontologica Polonica,58:67-77.
• Sannemann D.1955.Beitrag zur untergliederung des oberdevons nach conodonten[J].Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Pal?ontologie,Abhandlungen,100:324-331.
• Song J J,Huang C,Gong Y M.2019.Response of Ostracods (Crustacea) to the Devonian F-F event:Evidence from the Yangdi and Nandong sections in Guangxi,South China[J].Global and Planetary Change,173:109-120.
• Spalletta C,Perri M C,Over D J,Corradini C.2017.Famennian (Upper Devonian) conodont zonation:revised global standard[J].Bulletin of Geosciences,92:31-57.
• Stauffer C R.1938.Conodonts of the Olentangy shale[J].Journal of Paleontology,12:411-443.
• Stauffer C R.1940.Conodonts from the Devonian and associated clays of Minnesota[J].Journal of Paleontology,14:417-435.
• Telford P G.1975.Lower and Middle Devonian conodonts from the Brocken River Embayment,North Queensland,Australia[J].Special Papers in Palaeontology,15:1-96.
• Wang C Y.1994.Application of the Frasnian Standard Conodont Zonation in South China[J].Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,168:83-129.
• Wendt J.2021.Middle and Late Devonian sea-level changes and synsedimentary tectonics in the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco)[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,182:104247.
• Zhang,X S,Joachimski M M,Over D J,Ma K Y,Huang C,Gong,Y M.2019b.Late Devonian carbon isotope chemostratigraphy:A new record from the offshore facies of South China[J].Global&Planetary Change,182:103024.
• Zhang X S,Li S Y,Song Y F,Gong Y M.2020.Size reduction of conodonts indicates high ecological stress during the late Frasnian under greenhouse climate conditions in South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,556:109909.
• Zhang X S,Over D J,Gong Y M.2023.Revised Frasnian conodont taxonomy and biostratigraphy in the pelagic facies of South China[J].Fossil and Starta.(in review)
• Zhang X S,Over D J,Ma K Y,Gong Y M.2019a.Upper Devonian conodont zonation,sea-level changes and bio-events in offshore carbonate facies Lali section,South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,531:109219.
• Ziegler W.1958.Conodontenfeinstratigraphische Untersuchungen an Der Grenze Mitteldevon/Oberdevon und in Der Adorfstufe[J].Notizblattdes Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung,87:7-77.
• Ziegler W.1966.Eine Verfeinung der Conodontengliederung and der Grenze Mittel/Ober Devon[J].Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen,9:647-676.
• Ziegler W,Klapper G,Johnson J G.1976.Redefinition and subdivision of the varcus-Zone (Conodonts,Middle-?Upper Devonian) in Europe and North America[J].Geologica et Palaeontologica,10:109-140.
• Ziegler W,Sandberg C A.1984.Palmatolepis-based revision of upper part of standard Late Devonian conodont zonation[J].Geological Society America Special Paper,196:179-194.
• Ziegler W,Sandberg C A.1990.The Late Devonian standard conodont zonation[J].Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,121:1-115.
• Ziegler W,Wang C Y.1985.Sihongshan section,a regional reference section for the Lower-Middle and Middle-Upper Boundaries in East Asia[J].Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,75:17-37.