申博恒,沈树忠,侯章帅,吴琼,张水昌,张斌,张以春,袁东勋

• 1:南京大学地球科学与工程学院内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室关键地球物质循环前沿科学中心
• 2:中国石油勘探开发研究院
• 3:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所
• 4:中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院

摘要(Abstract)：

二叠系是古生界最后一个系,自下而上包括乌拉尔统、瓜德鲁普统和乐平统,进一步划分为9个阶。中国各块体都发育有很好的二叠纪地层,本文依据最新研究成果与已有地层资料,系统整理了中国二叠纪岩石地层区划、主要剖面地层划分和对比框架,包括5个地层区、22个地层分区和59条综合岩石地层剖面。以生物地层学和地质年代学为约束因素,本文厘定并更新了中国二叠纪不同块体间岩石地层的划分和对比方案。北部边缘地层区二叠系发育不完整,地层层序和各岩石地层单位的时代缺乏系统研究,整体为陆相碎屑岩夹火山岩沉积,海相地层主要发育在乌拉尔统—瓜德鲁普统,从西向东海水逐渐退出。塔里木地层区二叠系海相地层主要发育乌拉尔统,瓜德鲁普统—乐平统则为陆相地层且不完整。华北地层区的二叠系层序相对清楚,但最新研究表明很可能缺失瓜德鲁普统,海相地层主要在乌拉尔统底部发育,并含有重要煤层,乌拉尔统上部至乐平统则发育陆相地层,并随着气候逐渐干旱化出现越来越多的红层。喜马拉雅地层区二叠系在各个块体差异明显,其中藏南分区的喜马拉雅特提斯带缺乏瓜德鲁普统沉积,含冈瓦纳冷水型生物群,而拉萨地块和南羌塘地块的二叠系均发育有较为完整的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩,在乌拉尔统上部生物群逐渐向暖水型过渡。华南地层区的二叠系最为完整,整体为海相碳酸盐岩沉积,层序清晰,所含各门类化石丰富,是重要的国际对比标准。中国二叠系是煤炭、油气、铝土矿等重要矿产资源的富集层位。精细的岩石地层划分和时代对比对于阐明重要矿产资源的形成机制和分布规律,以及指导资源勘探具有重要的科学意义和实际意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 岩石地层;地层分区;划分和对比;二叠系;中国

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 关键地球物质循环前沿科学中心科研基金(JBGS2101);; 国家自然科学基金(NSFC91855205);; 科技部第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0706);; 中国石油勘探开发研究院科学研究与技术开发项目(RIPED-2019-JS-984)共同资助

作者(Author): 申博恒,沈树忠,侯章帅,吴琼,张水昌,张斌,张以春,袁东勋

参考文献(References)：

• 安徽省地质矿产局. 1987.安徽省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 陈寿铭,程立人,张以春.2006.西藏羌塘北部地区晚二叠世地层再研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),36(S1):1-4.
• 程立人,张予杰,张以春.2004.西藏申扎地区古生代地层研究新进展.地质通报,23(9-10):1018-1022.
• 董大啸,刘特辉,吴雷,邵龙义.2012.广东省二叠纪含煤岩系层序地层特征.中国煤炭地质,24(10):1-7,13.
• 杜远生,周琦,金中国,凌文黎,汪小妹,余文超,崔滔,雷志远,翁申富,吴波,覃永军,曹建州,彭先红,张震,邓虎.2014.黔北务正道地区早二叠世铝土矿成矿模式.古地理学报,16(1):1-8.
• 方润森,范健才.1994.云南西部中晚石炭世-早二叠世冈瓦纳相地层及古生物.昆明:云南科技出版社.
• 冯庆来,葛孟春,谢德凡,马振东,江元生.1999.滇西北金沙江带被动陆缘地层层序和构造演化.地球科学,24(6):553-557.
• 冯少南.1985.华南二叠纪含煤地层与植物群的新认识.中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所所刊,10:47-58.
• 福建省地矿局台湾省地层研究组.1995.台湾省地层多重划分对比研究.福建地质,(3):155-202.
• 福建省地质矿产局.1985.福建省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 甘肃省地质矿产局.1989.甘肃省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.1-690.
• 高兰,王登红,熊晓云,易承伟.2014.中国铝矿成矿规律概要.地质学报,88(12):2284-2295.
• 高莲凤,丁惠,万晓樵.2005.豫淮盆地太原组顶部斯威特刺(Sweetognathus)种的分类修正及其地层意义.微体古生物学报,22(4):370-382.
• 高翔,魏俊浩,付乐兵,王谋,张霖,岳鹏.2014.西准噶尔托里地区卡拉岗组火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义.地质科技情报,33(05):16-24.
• 谷峰,冯少南,张淼.2005.二叠系//汪啸风,陈孝红等(主编).中国各地质时代地层划分与对比.北京:地质出版社,277-342.
• 广东省地质矿产局.1988.广东省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 广西壮族自治区地质矿产局.1985.广西壮族自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 贵州省地质矿产局.1987.贵州省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 韩树棻.1990.两淮地区成煤地质条件及成煤预测.北京:地质出版社.
• 郝维城,姚建新,刘建波.1999.贵州紫云晒瓦剖面二叠纪牙形石//八尾昭,江崎洋一,郝维城,王新平(主编).中国古特提斯生物及地质变迁.北京:北京大学出版社,73-79．
• 河北省地质矿产局.1989.河北省、北京市、天津市区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 河南省地质矿产局.1989.河南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 黑龙江省地质矿产局.1993.黑龙江省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 湖北省地质矿产局.1990.湖北省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 湖南省地质矿产局.1988.湖南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 黄虎,杨江海,杜远生,黄志强,黄宏伟,郭华.2012.右江盆地北缘上二叠统碎屑岩和硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义.中国地质大学学报(地球科学),37(S2):81-96.
• 吉林省地质矿产局.1988.吉林省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 季鑫鑫,李明,冯洪真.2009.贵州紫云四大寨地区晒瓦群的中二叠世牙形刺.地质论评,55(1):113-120.
• 江苏省地质矿产局.1984.江苏省及上海市区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 江西省地质矿产局.1984.江西省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 金玉玕,梁希洛,文世宣.1977.珠穆朗玛峰北坡二叠纪动物化石的新资料.地质科学,12(3):236-249,299-300.
• 金玉玕,尚庆华,曹长群.2000a.二叠纪地层研究述评.地层学杂志,24(2):99-108.
• 金玉玕,尚庆华,侯静鹏,李莉,王玉净,朱自力,费淑英,2000b.中国地层典·二叠系.北京:地质出版社.
• 金玉玕,王向东,尚庆华,王玥,盛金章.1999.中国二叠纪年代地层划分和对比.地质学报,73(2):97-108.
• 康玉柱.1981.塔里木盆地石油地质特征.石油与天然气地质,2(4):329-340.
• 康玉柱.2015.中国古生界油气勘探成果及勘探战略思考.天然气工业,35(9):1-7.
• 孔宪祯,许惠龙,李润兰,常江林,刘陆军,赵修诂,张遴信,廖卓庭,朱怀诚.1996.山西晚古生代含煤地层和古生物群.太原:山西科学技术出版社.
• 匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,常秋生,欧阳敏,侯连华,刘得光.2012.准噶尔盆地二叠系咸化湖相云质岩致密油形成条件与勘探潜力.石油勘探与开发,39(6):657-667.
• 李星学.1963.中国晚古生代陆相地层.北京:科学出版社.
• 李星学.1995.中国地质时期植物群.广州:广东科技出版社.
• 梁太涛,李洪奎,耿科,禚传源,王峰,汤启云.2014.山东省石炭-二叠纪沉积岩建造与成矿作用.山东国土资源,30(10):21-25.
• 辽宁省地质矿产局.1989.辽宁省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 廖卓庭,吴国干.1998.新疆三塘湖盆地含油气地层.南京:东南大学出版社.
• 刘汉男.1988.山东淄博地区晚古生代植物群组合特征及有关地层划分问题探讨.山东地质,4(2):80-89.
• 鲁益钜.1986.青海天峻县布哈河流域二叠纪的双壳类化石.古生物学报,25(4):463-473,513-515.
• 马昌明,李江海,曹正林,刘磊鑫,王盟楠.2020.中亚盆地群石炭-二叠纪岩相古地理恢复及演化.岩石学报,36(11):3510-3522.
• 马永生,蔡勋育.2006.四川盆地川东北区二叠系-三叠系天然气勘探成果与前景展望.石油与天然气地质,27(6):741-750.
• 马永生,郭旭升,郭彤楼,黄锐,蔡勋育,李国雄.2005.四川盆地普光大型气田的发现与勘探启示.地质论评,51(4):477-480.
• 孟苗苗,康志宏,刘俊杰,周磊,柳洲,邱海俊.2013.塔西南坳陷叶城-和田地区二叠系沉积特征研究.重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),15(2):39-44.
• 内蒙古自治区地质矿产局.1991.内蒙古自治区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 聂泽同,宋志敏.1983.西藏阿里地区日土县下二叠统吞龙共巴组的(?)类.地球科学,(1):43-55,175-176.
• 宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局.1990.宁夏回族自治区地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 潘松圻,邹才能,李勇,荆振华,刘恩涛,袁铭,张国生,杨智,吴松涛,邱振,刘翰林.2021.重大生物事件与化石能源形成演化--兼论地球系统框架下能源学发展.石油勘探与开发,48(3):1-12.
• 裴放.1998.河南省华北型石炭-二叠纪地层多重划分与对比.河南地质,16(4):273-280.
• 乔枫,张以春,徐海鹏,琚琦.2021.西藏拉萨地块申扎地区晚二叠世有孔虫动物群及其古生物地理意义.微体古生物学报,38(1):1-17.
• 青海省地质矿产局.1989.青海省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 山东省地质矿产局.1991.山东省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 山西省地质矿产局.1989.山西省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 陕西省地质矿产局.1989.陕西省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 尚冠雄.1997.华北地台晚古生代煤地质学研究.太原:山西科学技术出版社.
• 邵龙义,董大啸,李明培,王海生,王东东,鲁静,郑明泉,程爱国.2014.华北石炭-二叠纪层序-古地理及聚煤规律.煤炭学报,39(8):1725-1734.
• 沈树忠,徐海鹏,袁东勋,王玥,王军,张以春,王小娟,牟林,吴琼.2020.中国二叠纪地层及标准化石图集.杭州:浙江大学出版社.
• 沈树忠,张华,张以春,袁东勋,陈波,何卫红,牟林,林巍,王文倩,陈军,吴琼,曹长群,王玥,王向东.2019.中国二叠纪综合地层和时间框架.中国科学:地球科学,49(1):160-193.
• 盛金章.1962.中国的二叠系.北京:科学出版社.
• 盛金章,金玉玕,芮琳,张遴信,郑灼官,王玉净,廖卓庭,赵嘉明.1982.中国二叠系对比表及说明书//中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所(主编).中国各纪地层对比表及说明书.北京:科学出版社,153-170.
• 四川省地质矿产局.1991.四川省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 孙巧缡,张遴信.1988.空喀山口一带早二叠世的?.微体古生物学报,5(4):367-378,448-451.
• 唐作友,冯少南.1998.海南岛大岭地区二叠系的发现及意义.地层学杂志,22(3):74-82.
• 王伟,董致中,王成源.2004.滇西保山地区丁家寨组、卧牛寺组牙形刺的时代.微体古生物学报,21(3):273-282.
• 王向东,Sugiyama T,Ueno K,Mizuno Y,李一军,王伟,段卫先,姚金昌.2000.滇西保山地区石炭纪、二叠纪古动物地理演化.古生物学报,39(4):493-506.
• 王玉净,罗辉,邝国敦,李家骧.1998.广西钦州小董-板城上古生代硅质岩相地层.微体古生物学报,15(4):351-366.
• 王玥.2018.二叠系//全国地层委员会(主编).中国地层(2014)说明书.北京:地质出版社,221-250.
• 王玥,王伟洁,张以春,祁玉平,王向东,廖卓庭,2011.新疆柯坪乌尊布拉克地区晚石炭世-早二叠世?类生物地层.古生物学报,50(4):409-419.
• 王自强,王立新.1986.华北石千峰群下部晚二叠世植物化石.中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所文集,15:1-80.
• 魏仙样,卢进才,魏建设,李玉宏.2011.河西走廊地区石炭系-二叠系油气地质条件与含油气前景.地质通报,30(6):865-878.
• 吴根耀,李曰俊,刘亚雷,赵岩.2013.塔里木西北部乌什-柯坪-巴楚地区古生代沉积-构造演化及成盆动力学背景.古地理学报,15(2):203-218.
• 吴瑞忠,蓝伯龙.1990.西藏西北部晚二叠世地层新资料.地层学杂志,14(3):216-221.
• 西藏自治区地质矿产局.1993.西藏自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 新疆维吾尔自治区地质矿产局.1993.新疆维吾尔自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 徐义刚,何斌,罗震宇,刘海泉.2013.我国大火成岩省和地幔柱研究进展与展望.矿物岩石地球化学通报,32(1):25-39.
• 许睿.2012.西秦岭北带石炭-二叠纪岩相古地理研究.西安:西北大学.
• 杨超,陈清华,王冠民,庞小军,马婷婷.2010.柴达木地区晚古生代沉积构造演化.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),34(5):38-43,49.
• 杨树锋,陈汉林,厉子龙,励音骐,余星,李东旭,孟立丰.2014.塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省.中国科学:地球科学,44(2):187-199.
• 杨遵仪,冯少南,林甲兴.1984.华南地区上、下二叠统界线的新认识.地球科学,9(2):1-6,146
• 姚海峰,王佳,谭先锋,陈磊,杨成,肖龙,刘世明,蒋聪.2019.南祁连盆地阳康地区二叠系-三叠系沉积特征.石油实验地质,41(5):699-707,716.
• 殷鸿福,黄思骥,张克信,杨逢清,丁梅华,毕先梅,张素新.1989.华南二叠纪-三叠纪之交的火山活动及其对生物绝灭的影响.地质学报,63(2):169-180.
• 雍天寿,何孔昭,葛芃芃,魏景明,赵治信,单金榜.1984.准噶尔盆地西北缘各山系石炭-二叠纪地层层序初步探讨.新疆石油地质,(2):16-27,71.
• 袁效奇,耿国仓.1992巴彦浩特盆地东部古生代沉积的发现及其大地构造意义.石油与天然气地质,13(4):381-389.
• 云南省地质矿产局.1990.云南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 詹立培,陈毓龄,李莉,陈炳蔚,朱秀芳等.1982.中国的二叠系//中国地质科学院(主编).中国地层(1)·中国地层概论.北京:地质出版社,219-262.
• 张达玉,周涛发,袁峰,范裕,刘帅,杜红星,2010.塔里木柯坪地区库普库兹曼组玄武岩锆石LA-ICPMS年代学、Hf同位素特征及其意义.岩石学报,26(3):963-974.
• 张启连,梁裕平,余文超,杜远生.2016.桂西地区二叠系合山组铝土岩的沉积环境.古地理学报,18(4):595-604.
• 张善桢,姚兆奇,莫壮观,李星学.1982.中国二叠纪陆相地层的划分和对比//中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所(主编).中国各纪地层对比表及说明书.北京:科学出版社,171-190.
• 张拴宏,赵越,刘健,胡健民,陈正乐,李淼,裴军令,陈振宇,周剑雄.2007.华北地块北缘晚古生代-中生代花岗岩体侵位深度及其构造意义.岩石学报,23(3):625-638.
• 张以春,张予杰,袁东勋,徐海鹏,乔枫.2019.班公湖-怒江洋打开时间的地层古生物约束.岩石学报,35(10):3083-3096.
• 赵治信,张桂芝,肖继南.2000.新疆古生代地层及牙形石.北京:石油工业出版社.
• 浙江省地质矿产局.1989.浙江省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
• 钟蓉,陈芬.1984.大青山煤田栓马桩群及其与上覆、下伏地层接触关系的讨论.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所所刊,5:75-93.
• 钟蓉,孙善平,付泽明.1996.华北地台本溪组、太原组火山事件沉积特征及时空分布规律.地质力学学报,2(1):83-91.
• 周府生,潘罗忠,李广宁,谢凌锋,李锦诚,龙爱林,胡贵昂,宁金英,潘艺文,全超燕,梁秋明.2011.广西1∶25万南宁市等四幅区调主要成果与进展.华南地质与矿产,27(4):358-364.
• 周光第.1987.青海祁曼塔格山南麓早二叠世冷水动物群的发现及其成因.西北地质,(6):6-9.
• 周正红.2012.云南省墨江县坝溜地区二叠纪含?地层划分及地质年代研究.成都:成都理工大学.
• 周祖仁.2021.“发现问题,解决问题”--二叠系研究点滴,纪念盛金章院士诞辰一百周年.微体古生物学报,38(1):18-24.
• 朱怀诚.1998.塔里木盆地二叠系孢粉组合及生物地层学.古生物学报,36(S1):40-61.
• 朱扬珑.1989.内蒙古大青山地区二齿兽化石的发现.古脊椎动物学报,27(1):9-27.
• Chen B,Joachimski M M,Shen S Z,Lambert L L,Lai X L,Wang X D,Chen J,Yuan D X.2013.Permian ice volume and palaeoclimate history:Oxygen isotope proxies revisited.Gondwana Research,24:77-89.
• Chen Y,Wu T R,Zhang Z C.2020.Detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes for the Permo-Carboniferous sediments in the northern Alxa area,NWChina:Provenance and tectonic implications for the middle segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Geological Magazine,158(5):875-890.
• Chen Z Q,Shi G R.2003.Late Paleozoic depositional history of the Tarim basin,northwest China:An integration of biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic constraints.AAPG Bulletin,87(8):1323-1354.
• Cope T,Ritts B D,Darby B J,Fildani A,Graham S A.2005.Late Paleozoic sedimentation on the northern margin of the North China Block:Implications for regional tectonics and climate change.International Geology Review,47:270-296.
• Eizenh?fer P R,Zhao G C.2018.Solonker Suture in East Asia and its bearing on the final closure of the eastern segment of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean.Earth-Science Review,186:153-172.
• Fielding C R,Frank T D,Birgenheier L P,Rygel M C,Jones A T,Roberts J.2008.Stratigraphic imprint of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in eastern Australia:A record of alternating glacial and nonglacial climate regime.Journal of the Geological Society,165(1):129-140.
• Gao Y,Huang H,Tao H F,Carroll A R,Qin J M,Chen J Q,Yuan X G,Wang C S.2020.Paleoenvironmental setting,mechanism and consequence of massive organic carbon burial in the Permian Junggar Basin,NW China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,194:104222.
• Holz M,Fran?a A B,Souza P A,Iannuzzi R,Rohn R.2010.A stratigraphic chart of the Late Carboniferous/Permian succession of the eastern border of the ParanáBasin,Brazil,South America.Journal of South American Earth Sciences,29(2):381-399.
• Hou Z S,Fan J X,Henderson C M,Yuan D X,Shen B H,Wu J,Wang Y,Zheng Q F,Zhang Y C,Wu Q,Shen S Z.2020.Dynamic palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Wuchiapingian Stage (Lopingian,Late Permian) for the South China Block.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,546:109667.
• Huang T K.1932.The Permian formations of southern China.Geo Memoirs,Ser A,10:1-140.
• Isbell J L,Cole D I,Catuneanu O.2008.Carboniferous-Permian glaciation in the main Karoo Basin,South Africa:Stratigraphy,depositional controls,and glacial dynamics//Fielding C R,Frank T D,Isbell J L (eds.).Resolving the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in Time and Space:Geological Society of America.Special Paper 441:71-82.
• Jin X C,Huang H,Shi Y K,Zhan L P.2011.Lithologic boundaries in Permian post-glacial sediments of the Gondwana-affinity regions of China:Typical sections,age range and correlation.Acta Geologica Sinica,85(2):373-386.
• Jin Y G,Wardlaw B R,Glenister B F,Kotlyar G V.1997.Permian chronostratigraphic subdivisions.Episodes,20(1):10-15.
• Kotlyar G V,Belyansky G C,Burago V I,Nikitina A P,Zakharov Y D,Zhuravlev A V.2006.South Primorye,Far East Russia-A key region for global Permian correlation.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,26(3-4):280-293.
• Kozur H W.1992.Late Permian Tethyan conodonts from West Texas and their significance for world-wide correlation of the Guadalupian-Dzhulfian boundary:Geologisch Palaeontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck,18:179-186.
• Lee J S,Chao Y T.1926.Classification and Correlation of Paleozoic Coal-bearing Formation in North China.Bulletin of the Geological Society of China,5(2):9-14.
• Li D,He D F,Ma D L,Tang Y,Kong Y H,Tang J Y.2015.Carboniferous-Permian tectonic framework and its later modifications to the area from eastern Kazakhstan to southern Altai:Insights from the Zaysan-Jimunai Basin evolution.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,113:16-35.
• Li Z L,Chen H L,Song B,Li Y Q,Yang S F,Yu X.2011.Temporal evolution of the Permian large igneous province in Tarim Basin in northwestern China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,42(5):917-927.
• Liang J W,Ma X J Tao W X.2020.Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of Middle-Late Permian sedimentary rocks from the southwestern margin of the North China Craton:Implications for provenance and tectonic evolution.Gondwana Research,88:250-267.
• Liao S Y,Wang D B,Tang Y,Yin F G,Cao S N,Wang L Q,Wang B D,Sun Z M.2015.Late Paleozoic Woniusi basaltic province from Sibumasu terrane:Implications for the breakup of eastern Gondwana’s northern margin.Geological Society of America Bulletin,127(9-10):1313-1330.
• Liao X D,Sun S,Chi H Z,Jia D Y,Nan Z Y,Zhou W N.2019.The Late Permian highly fractionated I-type granites from Sishijia pluton in southestern Inner Mongolia,North China:A post-collisional magmatism record and its implication for the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean.Lithos,328-329:262-275.
• Liu J,Yi J,Chen J Y.2020.Constraining assembly time of some blocks on eastern margin of Pangea using Permo-Triassic non-marine tetrapod records.Earth-Science Reviews,207:103215.
• Manankov I N,Shi G R,Shen S Z.2006.An overview of Permian marine stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Mongolia.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,26(3-4):294-303.
• Martin J,Redfern J,Aitken J.2008.A regional overview of the late Paleozoic glaciation in Oman//Fielding C,Frank T,Isbell J (eds.).Resolving the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in Time and Space Geological Society of America Special Publication 441.Boulder,CO:Geological Society of America,175-186.
• Monta?ez I P,Poulsen C J.2013.The Late Paleozoic Ice Age:An evolving paradigm.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,41(1):629-656.
• Niu Y Z,Shi G R,Wang J Q,Liu C Y,Zhou J L,Lu J C,Song B,Xu W.2020.The closing of the southern branch of the Paleo-Asian Ocean:Constraints from sedimentary records in the southern Beishan Region of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NW China.Marine and Petroleum Geology.DOI:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104791.
• Qiao F,Xu H P,Zhang Y C.2019.Changhsingian (Late Permian) foraminifers from the topmost part of the Xiala Formation in the Tsochen area,central Lhasa Block,Tibet and their geological implications.Palaeoworld,28(3):303-319.
• Richthofen F V.1882.China,Ergebnisse Eigener Reisen und drauf Gegründeter Studien,I-XXIV.Berlin:Verlag von Dietrich Reimer.1-792.
• Shao L Y,Zhang P F,Gayer R A,Chen J,Dai S F.2003.Coal in a carbonate sequence stratigraphic framework:The Upper Permian Heshan Formation in central Guangxi,southern China.Journal of the Geological Society,160(2):285-298.
• Shao L Y,Wang X T,Wang D D,Li M P,Wang S,Li Y J,Shao K,Zhang C,Gao C X,Dong D X,Cheng A G,Lu J,Ji C W,Gao D.2020.Sequence stratigraphy,paleogeography,and coal accumulation regularity of major coal-accumulating periods in China.International Journal of Coal Science and Technology,7(2):240-262.
• Shen S Z,Cao C Q,Henderson,C M,Wang X D,Shi G R,Wang Y,Wang W.2006a.End-Permian mass extinction pattern in the northern peri-Gondwanan region.Palaeoworld,15(1):3-30.
• Shen S Z,Cao C Q,Shi G R,Wang X D,Mei S L.2003a.Lopingian (Late Permian) stratigraphy,sedimentation and palaeobiogeography in southern Tibet.Newsletters on Stratigraphy,39(2/3):157-179.
• Shen S Z,Cao C Q,Zhang Y C,Li W Z,Shi G R,Wang Y,Wu Y S,Ueno K,Henderson C M,Wang X D,Zhang H,Wang X J,Chen J.2010.End-Permian mass extinction and palaeoenvironmental changes in Neotethys:Evidence from an oceanic carbonate section in southwestern Tibet.Global and Planetary Change,73(1-2):3-14.
• Shen S Z,Qiao L,Zhang Y C,Sun Y L,Jin Y G.2017.Carboniferous brachiopod genera on type species of China//Rong J,Shen S,Zhan R(eds.).Phanerozoic Brachiopod Genera of China,Volume 2.Beijing:Science Press,559-649.
• Shen S Z,Shi G R,Zhu K Y.2000.Early Permian brachiopods of Gondwana affinity from the Dingjiazhai Formation of the Bahoshan Block,Western Yunnan,China.Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia,106(3):263-282.
• Shen S Z,Sun D,Shi G R.2003b.A biogeographic mixed late Guadalupian (late Middle Permian) brachiopod fauna from an exotic limestone block at Xiukang in Lhaze county,Tibet.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,21(10):1125-1137.
• Shen S Z,Sun T R,Zhang Y C,Yuan D X.2016.An upper Kungurian/lower Guadalupian (Permian) brachiopod fauna from the South Qiangtang Block in Tibet and its palaeobiogeographical implications.Palaeoworld,25(4):519-538.
• Shen S Z,Yuan D X,Henderson C M,Wu Q,Zhang Y C,Zhang H,Mu L,Ramezani J,Wang X D,Lambert L L,Erwin D H,Hearst J M,Xiang L,Chen B,Fan J X,Wang Y,Wang W Q,Qi Y P,Chen J,Qie W K,Wang T T.2020.Progress,problems and prospects:An overview of the Guadalupian Series of South China and North America.Earth-Science Reviews,211:103412.
• Shen S Z,Zhang H,Shang Q H,Li W Z.2006b.Permian stratigraphy and correlation of Northeast China:A review.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,26(3-4):304-326.
• Shen S Z,Zhang H,Zhang Y C,Yuan D X,Chen B,He W H,Mu L,Lin W,Wang W Q,Chen J,Wu Q,Cao C Q,Wang Y,Wang X D.2019.Permian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China.Science China:Earth Sciences,61(1):154-188.
• Shen S Z,Zhang Y C.2008.Earliest Wuchiapingian (Lopingian,late Permian) brachiopods in southern Hunan,South China:Implications for the pre-Lopingian crisis and onset of Lopingian recovery/radiation.Journal of Paleontology,82(5):924-937.
• Sheng J Z,Jin Y G.1994.Correlation of Permian deposits in China.Palaeoword,4:14-113.
• Shi G R,Shen S Z.2001.A biogeographically mixed,Middle Permian brachiopod fauna from the Baoshan Block,western Yunnan,China.Palaeontology,44(2):237-258.
• Shi G R,Shen S Z,Zhan L P.2003.A Guadalupian-Lopingian (Middle to Late Permian) brachiopod fauna from the Juripu Formation in the Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone,southern Tibet,China.Journal of Paleontology,77(6):1053-1068.
• Shi T M,Li Q,Amuti A,Xiao J N,Liu F,Yang W,Li Q L,Zhang H,LüZ,Peng H P.2021.Bashkirian taeniate bisaccate pollen‐dominated palynological assemblage from northwestern Junggar Basin,Xinjiang Province,China.Geological Journal,1-12.
• Shi X J,Wang T,Zhang L,Castro A,Xiao X C,Tong Y,Zhang J J,Guo L,Yang Q D.2014.Timing,petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Late Paleozoic gabbro-granodiorite-granite intrusions in the Shalazhashan of northern Alxa:Constraints on the southernmost boundary of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Lithos,208-209:158-177.
• Smith R M H.2020.Tetrapod biozonation of the Karoo Supergroup.South African Journal of Geology,123:129-130.
• Spinosa C,Glenister B F.2000.Ancestral Araxoceratinae (Upper Permian Ammonoidea) from Mexico and Iran//Wardlaw B R,Grant R E,Rohr D M (eds.).The Guadalupian Symposium,Smithsonian contributions to the Earth Sciences,Volume 32.Washington D C:Smithsonian Institution,397-406.
• Taboada A C.2010.Mississippian-Early Permian brachiopods from western Argentina:Tools for middle-to high-latitude correlation,paleobiogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstruction.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,298(1-2):152-173.
• Ueno K,Mizuno Y,Wang X D,Mei S L.2002.Artinskian conodonts from the Dingjiazhai Formation of the Baoshan Block,west Yunnan,southwest China.Journal of Paleontology,76(4):741-750.
• Wang C Y,Wang P,Li W G.2004.Conodonts from the Permian Jisu Honguer (Zhesi) Formation of Inner Mongolia,China.Geobios,37(4):471-480.
• Wang J.2010.Late Paleozoic macrofloral assemblages from Weibei Coalfield,with reference to vegetational change through the Late Paleozoic Ice-age in the North China Block.International Journal of Coal Geology,83:292-317.
• Wang X D.,Hu K Y,Shi Y K,Chen J T,Yang S R,Ye X Y,Li X M,Song Y F,Chen B,Chang X L,Yao L,Zhang Y C,Fan J X,Shen S Z.2021.The missing upper Carboniferous in the Cimmerian continent:A critical review.Earth-Science Reviews,217:103627.
• Wang Y,Luo Z H,Santosh M,Wang S Z,Wang N A.2016.The Liuyuan Volcanic Belt in NW China revisited:Evidence for Permian rifting associated with the assembly of continental blocks in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Geological Magazine,154(2):265-285.
• Wang Y,Ueno K,Zhang Y C,Cao C Q.2010.The Changhsingian foraminiferal fauna of a Neotethyan seamount:The Gyanyima Limestone along the Yarlung-Zangbo Suture in southern Tibet,China.Geological Journal,45(2-3):308-318.
• Wopfner H,Casshyap S M.1997.Transition fromfreezing to subtropical climates in the Permo-Carboniferous of Afro-Arabia and India//Martini I P (ed.).Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes:Quaternary,Carboniferous-Permian,and Proterozoic.New York:Oxford University Press,192-212.
• Wu Q,Ramezani J,Zhang H,Wang J,Zeng F G,Zhang Y C,Liu F,Chen J,Cai Y F,Hou Z S,Liu C,Yang W,Henderson C M,Shen S Z.2021.High-precision U-Pb age constraints on the Permian floral turnovers,paleoclimate change,and tectonics of the North China block.Geology,49(6):677-681.
• Wu Q,Ramezani J,Zhang H,Wang T T,Yuan D X,Mu L,Zhang Y C,Li X H,Shen S Z.2017.Calibrating the Guadalupian Series (Middle Permian) of South China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,466:361-372.
• Xu Y G,Wei X,Luo Z Y,Liu H Q,Cao J.2014.The Early Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province:Main characteristics and a plume incubation model.Lithos,204:20-35.
• Yang J H,Cawood P A,Du Y S,Feng B,Yan J X.2014.Global continental weathering trends across the Early Permian glacial to postglacial transition:Correlating high-and low-paleolatitude sedimentary records.Geology,42(10):835-838.
• Yang J H,Cawood P A,Monta?ez I P,Condon D J,Du Y S,Yan J X,Yan S Q,Yuan D X.2020.Enhanced continental weathering and large igneous province induced climate warming at the Permo-Carboniferous transition.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,534:116074.
• Yang W,Feng Q,Liu YQ,Tabor N,Miggins D,Crowley J L,Lin J Y,Thomas S.2010.Depositional environments and cyclo-and chronostratigraphy of uppermost Carboniferous-Lower Triassic fluvial-lacustrine deposits,southern Bogda Mountains,NW China-A terrestrial paleoclimatic record of mid-latitude NE Pangea.Global and Planetary Change,73(1-2):15-113.
• Yang W,Liu Y Q,Feng Q,Lin J Y,Zhou D W,Wang D.2007.Sedimentary evidence of Early-Late Permian mid-latitude continental climate variability,southern Bogda Mountains,NW China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,252(1-2):239-258.
• Yuan D X,Zhang Y C,Shen S Z.2018.Conodont succession and reassessment of major even