王世骐,王元,张晓晓,李春晓,全永涛,李岩,李虹,杨蓉

• 1:中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
• 2:中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室
• 3:天津自然博物馆
• 4:中国科学院大学

摘要(Abstract)：

长鼻目(Proboscidea)是重要的哺乳动物类群,其成员往往成为全球晚新生代重要的地层对比标准化石。在临夏盆地比较连续的晚新生代沉积中,保存了长鼻类在该地区较为完整的演化记录,时代从～19 Ma延续至～1.8 Ma,包括10个属, 16个种。古城动物群(19—17 Ma)作为临夏盆地长鼻类的首次出现,包括‘Choerolophodon’ guangheensis、‘Protanancus’ brevirostris、Gomphotherium cf. angustidens及G. inopinatum。并且与非洲和南亚的长鼻类组合相似。石那奴动物群(17—15 Ma)发现了‘Protanancus’ wimani、Platybelodon tongxinensis和Gomphotherium inopinatum;‘Choerolophodon’的灭绝和Platybelodon的出现是这一时期的重要事件,这一事件并没有反映在非洲和南亚的动物群中,但长鼻类各类群已通过东北亚扩散到北美,以Miomastodon和Gomphotherium为代表。15—11.6 Ma期间的曾家和老沟动物群的长鼻类包括Platybelodon grangeri、Gomphotherium tassyi、Miomastodon gobiensis,其中Platybelodon grangeri取代了‘Protanancus’,并在长鼻类组成中占了绝对的优势。Platybelodon没有扩散到南亚、东南亚及西欧,但扩散到了北美,说明中中新世之前东北亚和北美紧密的动物地理联系,也可能说明中国西北地区较早的干旱化环境。在郭泥沟动物群(11.6—9.8 Ma),长鼻类的组成发生了根本性改变,之前的属种完全灭绝,但首次出现了恐象Prodeinotherium sinense,此外还有? Tetralophodon sp.,可能还有Tetralophodon ? euryrostris。该动物群起源尚不明确,但有可能与中国南方的动物北进有关,并可能是Tortonian极热事件的反映。而大深沟动物群(9.8—8.7 Ma)以? Paratetralophodon robustus、Mammut cf. obliquelophus及Mammut sp.为代表,前两者很可能稍后扩散到欧洲,后者可能与北美Clarendonian期的类群有关,反映出全北界大陆的连通性。这一时期长鼻类虽然稀少,但已经向更新世的现代类型转化。杨家山动物群(8.7—7.2 Ma)中,仅剩Mammut cf. obliquelophus一种长鼻类,并且在此后完全绝迹。然而到龙担和水泉湾动物群(2.6—1.8 Ma),出现了Mammuthus meridionalis这一欧亚大陆北方典型的真象,反映了临夏盆地干冷的大陆性气候的形成。临夏盆地长鼻类的组成和演化记录,对临夏盆地的地层年代起了很好的控制作用,反映出长鼻类演化适应方式和扩散途径,对长鼻类的全球演化扩散和适应提供了重要的参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 长鼻类;临夏盆地;新生代;地层对比;古环境

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF0804501);; 国家自然科学基金(42402025、42472004、42430207);; 中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2024M753179)共同资助

作者(Author): 王世骐,王元,张晓晓,李春晓,全永涛,李岩,李虹,杨蓉

DOI: 10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2025.0027

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