程金辉,何承全

• 1:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

现代沟鞭藻可以在淡水中生存,在1995年美国报道了中新世淡水多甲藻类沟鞭藻后,证实了有淡水沟鞭藻化石的存在。白垩纪非海相沟鞭藻最早发现于英格兰南部,之后在澳大利亚西南端以及中国的很多陆相沉积盆地中陆续被报道。本文在了解白垩纪非海相沟鞭藻的组合面貌和它们的地质时代以及地层对比关系的基础上,讨论淡水沟鞭藻的生物地层和古环境意义。中国白垩纪沟鞭藻组合面貌如下:早白垩世时松辽盆地的非海相沟鞭藻组合自下而上为:沙河子组和营城组的Vesperopsis-Balmula组合、登楼库组的Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)zhaodongensis组合、泉头组三、四段的Quantouendinium dictyophorum-Operculodinium组合、青山口组的Kiokansium-Tetrachacysta tuberculata组合、姚家组二、三段的Dinogymniopsis daqingensis组合、嫩江组一、二段的Cleistosphaeridium-Dinogymniopsis minor组合、嫩江组三、四段的Nenjiangella granulata-Valensiella dictyophora组合、四方台组中的Pediastrum-Aquadulcum组合和明水组中的Tetranguladinium组合。黑龙江省三江盆地的非海相沟鞭藻组合自下而上为:城子河组的Nyktericysta(Nyktericysta)puyangensis-Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)sanjiangensis组合、Oligosphaeridium-Nyktericysta-Vesperopsis组合、Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)sanjiangensis组合、Nyktericysta(Nyktericysta)puyangensis-Lecaniella proteiformis组合和Vesperopsi,(Ves-peropsis)jixianensis-Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)suibinensis组合、穆棱组的Quantouendinium cf.dictyophorum组合。黑龙江省鸡西盆地滴道组有Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)didaoensis-Lagenorhytis granorugosa非海相沟鞭藻组合。吉林省延吉盆地有铜佛寺组二段的Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)cf.zhaodongensis-Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)yanjiensis非海相沟鞭藻组合和铜佛寺组三段的Filisphaeridium-Sentusidinium非海相沟鞭藻组合;大砬子组中有零星非海相沟鞭藻出现,未能建组合。辽宁省阜新盆地阜新组产Australisphaera fragilis-Ripea sussexensis非海相沟鞭藻组合。内蒙古开鲁盆地非海相沟鞭藻共自下而上分为5个组合:九佛堂组沙海组Quantouendinium cf.microreticulata-Vesperopsis(Vesperopsis)suibinensis组合、阜新组Vesperosis(V.)sp.2-Quantouendinium cf.dictyophorum组合、姚家组Concentricystes组合、嫩江组Leiosphaeridia组合、四方台组Subtilisphaera-Pediastrum组合。内蒙古海拉尔盆地非海相沟鞭藻自下而上可分为5个组合:南屯组Protoellisodinium fibratum-Dinogymniopsis daqingensis组合、大磨拐河组一段上部至二段Versperopsis(Contrangularia)granulata-Vesperopsis(Contrangularia)reticulata组合、大磨拐河组三段Nyktericysta(Nyktericysta)reticulata组合、大磨拐河组四段Palaeoperidinium-Pareodinia组合和伊敏组一段Nyktericysta(Hailaera)hailaerensis组合。内蒙古二连盆地非海相沟鞭藻自下而上2个组合:赛汗塔拉组三段Parabohaidina-Fromea-Quantouendinium-Vesperopsis组合和哈达图组Porusphaeraerenensis组合。江苏省淮安地区泰州组有Palaeoperidinium-Laciniadinium非海相沟鞭藻组合。晚白垩世时广东省三水盆地大塱山组含两个非海相沟鞭藻组合(自下而上):Palaeostomocystis-Campenia组合和Saeptodinium-Laciniadinium组合;湖北省江汉盆地渔洋组有Saeptodinium-Laciniadinium非海相沟鞭藻组合;海南省乐东地区鹿母湾组有Laciniadinium granulatum-Granodiscusgranulatus非海相沟鞭藻组合。国外已报道的非海相沟鞭藻有英格兰Wessex-Weald盆地Weald Clay群Wessex组和Vectis组的Australisphaerafragilis-Ripea sussexensis组合;澳大利亚西南部Perth盆地Parmelia组的Fusiformacystatumida组合带。这些组合中所含沟鞭藻大多为地方性属种,能进行洲际地层对比的属种较少,因此它们的地质时代的确定有时还要依靠其他生物门类和手段。非海相沟鞭藻组合有一些共同的特征,如分异度通常都较低,但丰度可变;沟鞭藻囊孢的形态与海相的相比形态和纹饰都较简单等。一些非海相的属如Nyktericysta和Vesperopsis可视作早白垩世的标准化石,但白垩纪非海相沟鞭藻组合中的多数种都是地方性的,这些组合之间很难直接对比,也不能与海相组合作种级的对比,因此确定它们的地质时代经常需要依靠其他化石。非海相沟鞭藻组合中不同组成分子可以指示古盐度的变化,如角藻类囊孢占主导时,表示接近于淡水,而膝沟藻类囊孢占主导时,则为微咸水或半咸水。古盐度的变化可能是盆地附近海平面变化和古气候变化的结果。一些淡水和微咸水的其他藻类与沟鞭藻的共同存在,如Pediastrum,Scenedesmus和Botryococcus等,是指示古环境的证据之一。虽然非海相沟鞭藻的发现颠覆了传统认为沟鞭藻是海相的观念,但是并不意味着它们不能指示古环境,因为非海相与海相沟鞭藻组合是可以区分开来的。

关键词(KeyWords)： 生物地层学;非海相;沟鞭藻;白垩纪;中国;英国;澳大利亚

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(No.91114201,J0930006,41102019);; 国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB821906);; 现代古生物学与地层学国家重点实验室项目(063115)资助研究和出版~~

作者(Author): 程金辉,何承全

DOI: 10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2012.02.007

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