梅冥相

• 1:中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院

摘要(Abstract)：

前寒武系,虽然不是一个正式的地层单位,但是,却简单明了地代表了形成于寒武纪开始(显生宙起始时)之前的所有岩石,因而就囊括了可以追索到地球形成的所有时间阶段的物质记录。遵循现代地层学的概念体系,要建立一个更加精确的前寒武纪地质年代表将面临着很多挑战。与寒武纪以来的显生宙相对应,前寒武纪曾经被称为"隐生宙"。随着研究的深入,尤其是地质学家在前寒武纪地层中发现了许多生命活动的痕迹,被称为"隐生宙"的前寒武纪就进一步划分为冥古宙、太古宙和元古宙,这代表了前寒武纪地层学研究的第一次概念进步。现行的前寒武纪年代地层划分,主要基于不同克拉通上的可对比的地质事件,而且基于合适的计时性(大致为整数的)时间界限来划分前寒武系,这个划分方案已经服务地球科学界三十余年,尤其是基于大范围的构造活动与沉积特征尝试性地建立了元古宙的纪(埃迪卡拉纪除外),代表了前寒武纪年代地层划分的第二次概念进步。随着对地球前寒武纪演变历史的深入研究而识别出许多不同时代的重要事件,以及更为重要的是从岩石记录的背景变化中识别出造成这些事件的成因,这不但导致了对前寒武纪地球的更加深入的了解,而且为今天重新修订一个新的前寒武纪地质年代表提供了一个难得的机会,从而产生了前寒武纪年代地层划分的第三次概念进步。在新修订的前寒武纪地质年代表中,表现出以下重要的进展:1)运用现代地层学的理念,重新定义了冥古宙、太古宙和元古宙;2)明确了具有特殊地质学涵义的太古宙的底界;3)明确并修订了太古宙-元古宙界线;4)尝试性地进行太古宇的建系。一个修订了的太古宙,可以定义为前寒武纪历史进程中具有以下特征的时间段,即地表上保存的最古老岩石的首次出现(4030 Ma的Acasta片麻岩)、大致在2420 Ma广泛的冰川沉积、变冷的地球条件和大气圈氧气上升的首次出现,据此太古宙还可以进一步划分成三个代和六个纪。太古宙的这个修订和进一步划分,强调了一个基本的科学理念,即太古宙代表了地壳形成与生物圈确立的早期主要阶段,以高度还原性的大气圈为特征。因此,太古宇的建系,是前寒武纪地层学研究一个大胆的尝试,也是一个重要的进展。本文通过详述这一重要进展,为深入理解地球早期复杂的演变历史提供重要的思考途径和研究线索,同时也希望能够为激发研究热情而起到抛砖引玉的作用。

关键词(KeyWords)： 年代地层学;建系;重要进展;太古宇;前寒武纪;全球

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金会项目(No.41472090,40472065,49802012)

作者(Author): 梅冥相

DOI: 10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2016.02.008

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