王怿,郄文昆,徐洪河,郭文,张小乐,卢建峰,黄璞,王凯,彭辉平,陈雨萱,赵文金

• 1:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所
• 2:古生物学和油气地层应用重点实验室
• 3:中国科学院大学南京学院
• 4:中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

广西运动后,华南泥盆纪最先接受的沉积为碎屑岩,由于厚度大、化石较少,其地层划分和对比存在诸多探究点。本文根据华南117条剖面的实地考察或研究,开展了以生物地层学为主的综合地层学研究,旨在揭示广西运动后泥盆纪最初碎屑岩地层的划分和对比;以与下伏地层的接触关系为主要依据,将华南广西运动后泥盆纪碎屑岩地层分为角度不整合类型、平行不整合类型、龙门山类型(只限早泥盆世);综合分析了华南泥盆纪植物群、孢子组合和鱼组合的特征,并以此为主要依据,结合上覆地层的海相动物化石,对华南广西运动后泥盆纪碎屑岩地层进行了划分和对比。在华南,广西运动后接受沉积的总体进程呈现为由西南向东北的趋势,经历了一个由陆地、陆海过渡到正常浅海的过程;在泥盆系各沉积时段,其沉积环境的变化过程基本一致,但在不同区域的发生时间和后续进程各不相同、各具特色。

关键词(KeyWords)： 华南;广西运动;泥盆纪;碎屑岩地层;划分和对比;总体进程

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0800200);; 国家自然科学基金(42172003、42072026)共同资助

作者(Author): 王怿,郄文昆,徐洪河,郭文,张小乐,卢建峰,黄璞,王凯,彭辉平,陈雨萱,赵文金

DOI: 10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2024.0008

参考文献(References)：

• 蔡重阳,卢礼昌,吴秀元,张国芳.1988.下扬子准地台江苏地区泥盆纪生物地层[M]//江苏石油勘探局地质科学研究所和中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所(编著).江苏地区下扬子准地台震旦纪-三叠纪生物地层.南京:南京大学出版社,169-218.
• 蔡重阳,王怿.1995.泥盆纪植物群[M]//李星学(主编).中国地质时期植物群.广州:广东科技出版社,22-57.
• 陈其奭.1988.浙江晚泥盆世西湖组的楔叶类化石[J].古生物学报,27:404-415.
• 陈旭,樊隽轩,陈清,唐兰,侯旭东.2014.论广西运动的阶段性[J].中国科学:地球科学,44:842-850.
• 丁文江.1919.芜湖以下长江流域地质(英文)[R].上海黄浦浚港局研究报告,1号.
• 方润森,江能人,范健才,曹仁关,李代芸.1985.云南曲靖地区中志留世-早泥盆世地层及古生物[M].昆明:云南人民出版社.
• 方宗杰,蔡重阳,王怿,李星学,王成源,耿良玉,王尚启,高联达,王念忠,李代芸.1994.滇东曲靖志留-泥盆系界线研究的新进展[J].地层学杂志,18(2):81-90.
• 福建省地质矿产局.1998.福建省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 高联达.1985.贵州睦化泥盆-石炭系化石孢子[M]//侯鸿飞,季强,吴祥和(编著).贵州睦化泥盆-石炭系界线.北京:地质出版社,50-85.
• 高联达.1989.湘西北和鄂西云台观组孢子组合及其地层意义[J].湖南地质,8(1):1-12.
• 高联达,侯静鹏.1975.贵州独山都匀早、中泥盆世孢子组合特征及其地层意义[J].地层古生物论文集,1:170-232.
• 高联达,王根贤.1990.湘南下泥盆统源口组孢子组合及其地层意义[J].湖南地质,9(3):1-9.
• 高雪,季兴开,周易,杨江南,王德明.2023.安徽新杭上泥盆统五通组孢子组合[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),59(2):221-230.
• 耿宝印.1992.四川早泥盆世植物群的研究[J].植物分类学报,30:197-211.
• 龚一鸣.1985.湘西南早-中泥盆世碎屑岩地层及古地理[J].湖南地质,4(4):26-38.
• 广东省地质矿产局.1988.广东省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 广西泥盆系专题组.1982.桂东北早中泥盆世地层新认识[J].地球科学(武汉地质学院院报),(1):35-67.
• 广西壮族自治区地质矿产局.1985.广西壮族自治区地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 贵州省地质矿产局.1987.贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 郝守刚,梅仕龙.1987.鄂西马西伦达古羊齿(Archaeopteris macilenta Lesquereux)的再观察[J].古生物学报,26(5):555-562.
• 何圣策,欧阳舒.1993.浙西富阳西湖组泥盆-石炭系过渡层孢子组合[J].古生物学报,32(1):31-48.
• 侯鸿飞.1978.中国南部的泥盆系[C]//华南泥盆系会议论文集.北京:地质出版社,214-231.
• 侯鸿飞,曹宣铎,王士涛,鲜思远,王金星.2000.中国地层典:泥盆系[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 侯鸿飞,鲜思远.1975.广西、贵州下、中泥盆统腕足类化石[J].地层古生物论文集,1:1-85.
• 湖南省地质矿产局.1988.湖南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 黄敏,朱怀诚,刘锋,彭辉平.2016.四川龙门山地区早-中泥盆世孢子化石研究[J].地质论评,62(6):1533-1548.
• 黄璞,汪瑶,张小乐.2022.亚轮生奇异蕨(Adoketophyton subverticillatum)在贵州都匀泥盆系蟒山群的发现及其意义[J].古生物学报,61(3):397-406
• 蒋声治,程光耀,葛彦.1963.对浙西中石炭纪地层分层的初步意见[C]//浙西地层现场会议学术报告汇编.北京:科学出版社.
• 金淳泰,叶少华,江新胜,李玉文,喻洪律,何原相,易庸恩,潘云唐.1989.四川二郎山地区地层及古生物[J].成都地质矿产研究所所刊,11:1-224.
• 荆锡贵,李凤杰,成晓雨,杨晓琪,张昊,沈凡.2018.四川龙门山地区早-中泥盆世混积相遗迹化石及其环境分析[J].中国地质,45(2):377-391.
• 邝国敦,赵明特,陶业斌.1989.中国海相泥盆系标准剖面:广西六景泥盆系剖面[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
• 李汉民,张瑛,应中锷,张晓东,刘卫红.1987.南京地区岩关早期地层:茨山组[J].地层学杂志,11(2):116-119.
• 李四光,赵金科,张文佑.1941.广西地层表[M].国立中央研究院地质研究所编印.
• 李四光,朱森.1932.龙潭地质指南[M].中央研究院地质研究所.
• 李星学.1963.中国晚古生代陆相地层[M].北京:科学出版社.
• 李星学,蔡重阳.1977.中国西南地区早泥盆世工蕨化石[J].古生物学报,15(1):12-36.
• 李星学,蔡重阳.1979.中国泥盆纪植物群[J].地层学杂志,3(2):90-95.
• 李星学,蔡重阳,欧阳舒.1984.长江下游五通组研究的新进展[J].中国地质科学院院报,2:119-136.
• 李星学,王洪峰.1982.四川龙门山晚泥盆世植物的发现[J].古生物学报,16(1):12-36.
• 廖卫华.2003.贵州独山泥盆纪生物地层以及珊瑚的四次灭绝事件的研究[J].古生物学报,42(3):417-427.
• 廖卫华,许汉奎,王成源,蔡重阳,穆道成,卢礼昌.1979.西南地区几个泥盆系基础剖面的论述[M]//中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所(编著).西南地区碳酸盐生物地层.北京:科学出版社,221-249.
• 刘东生,潘江.1958.南京附近五通系泥盆纪鱼化石[J].中国古生物志,新丙种,第15号,总第141册:1-41.
• 刘季辰,赵亚曾.1927.浙江西部之地质[M].地质汇报.
• 刘乐,王德明,薛进庄.2018.湖南上泥盆统(弗拉阶)几种石松类孢子叶球新类型[J].古生物学报,57(3):333-343.
• 刘时藩.1992.桂中南下泥盆统的胴甲鱼类化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,30(3):210-220.
• 刘淑文,高联达.1985.湖北长阳上泥盆统黄家磴组叶肢介和孢子[J].中国地质科学院院报,11:113-125.
• 刘亚光.1997.江西省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
• 刘彦兵,刘春发,屈海浪,翁仲才,徐立为,王化奇,蒋正锋,黄冲,吴炎潞.2022.广西大瑶山地区下泥盆统莲花山组碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源区和构造环境的制约[J].地球科学与环境学报,44(4):641-657.
• 卢礼昌.1981.四川渡口大麦地一带晚泥盆世的孢粉组合[J].中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所集刊,14:1-45.
• 卢礼昌.1988.云南沾益史家坡中泥盆统海口组微体植物群[J].中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所集刊,24:109-222.
• 卢礼昌.1994.江苏南京龙潭地区五通群孢子组合及其地质时代[J].微体古生物学报,11(2):153-199.
• 欧阳舒,陈永祥.1987a.江苏句容泥盆纪-石炭纪孢子组合并讨论五通群的时代问题[J].中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所集刊,23:1-92.
• 欧阳舒,陈永祥.1987b.江苏中部宝应地区晚泥盆世-早石炭世孢子组合[J].微体古生物学报,4(2):195-214.
• 欧阳舒,卢礼昌,朱怀诚,刘锋.2017.中国晚古生代孢粉化石[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.
• 潘江.1956.宁镇山脉古生代地层的新认识[J].地质学报,36(1):1-24.
• 潘江,王士涛.1978.中国南方泥盆纪无颌类及鱼类化石[C]//华南泥盆系会议论文集.北京:地质出版社,298-333.
• 潘江,王士涛,刘运鹏.1975.中国南方早泥盆世无颌类及鱼类化石[J].地层古生物论文集,1:135-169.
• 郄文昆,郭文,马学平,宋俊俊,徐洪河,乔丽,梁昆,陈波,卢建峰,常君滢.2021.中国泥盆纪岩石地层划分和对比[J].地层学杂志,45(3):286-302.
• 郄文昆,乔丽,梁昆,郭文,宋俊俊,刘锋,徐洪河,黄璞,牟林,卢建峰,张琳娜,廖卫华,王成源,陈秀琴,王尚启.2020.中国泥盆纪地层及标志化石图集[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.
• 舒文博.1931.浙西地质及矿产[M].中央研究院地质研究所,地质丛刊,第2号.
• 孙存礼,黄冬保.1995.赣西南“阳岭砾岩”微古植物的发现及其时代探讨[J].中国区域地质,(1):32-35.
• 唐晓珊.1986.对湘中地区跳马涧组的新认识[J].湖南地质,5(1):65-71.
• 田家杰,朱怀诚.2005.云南沾益泥盆系龙华山组、西冲组孢子生物地层研究[J].古生物学报,29(4):311-322.
• 田奇隽.1928.湖南长沙湘潭泥盆纪地层之研究[M].前湖南地质调查所报告,第二号,地质志,第一册.
• 汪啸风.1977.最晚志留纪和早泥盆世单笔石类在广西钦州的发现及其意义[J].地质学报,(2):190-205.
• 王刚田.1984.长沙县跳马涧镇跳马涧组沉积相研究[J].湖南地质,3(2):45-56,72.
• 王根贤.1979.早泥盆世Zosterophyllum (工蕨)植物群在湖南的发现及其意义[J].地层学杂志,3(2):147-149.
• 王洪峰.2003.龙门山区中泥盆世金宝石植物群[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),30(5):474-484.
• 王怿.1994.滇东南文山古木早泥盆世孢子组合[J].微体古生物学报,11(3):319-332.
• 王怿,郝守刚,傅强,徐洪河,王德明.2006.中国志留-泥盆纪早期陆生维管植物的多样性[M]//戎嘉余等(主编).生物的起源和辐射.北京:科学出版社,383-398,882-884.
• 王怿,戎嘉余,唐鹏,黄冰,张小乐,徐洪河,刘锋,蒋青,汪瑶.2021.华南古生代中期地层界面的特征与大地构造意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,51(2):218-240.
• 王怿,戎嘉余,唐鹏,张小乐、赵文金.2023.扬子区志留纪晚期地层的时空分布及其地质意义[J].地层学杂志,47(3):268-284.
• 王钰,俞昌民.1962.中国的泥盆纪[M].北京:科学出版社.
• 王钰,俞昌民,廖卫华,邓占球,朱瑞芳.1964.贵州独山泥盆系标准剖面的新观察[J].科学通报,9:822-825.
• 文子才,卢礼昌.1993.江西全南小慕泥盆-石炭系孢子组合及其地层意义[J].古生物学报,32(3):303-331.
• 吴浩若.2000.重新解释广西运动[J].科学通报,45:555-558.
• 吴贤涛,胡斌,王观忠,张国成,诸葛致祥,穆日孔,钱清.1986.苏南皖东五通群观山组的近岸风暴沉积与湖道沉积[J].石油实验地质,8(4):351-361.
• 徐仁,高联达.1991.云南东部中泥盆世和晚泥盆世早期孢子带及其地层意义[J].植物学报,33(4):304-313.
• 薛进庄,郝守刚.2007.湖北长阳上泥盆统一种石松植物[J].古生物学报,46(2):183-194.
• 严幼因.1987.下扬子区下石炭统底部陈家边组简介[J].中国地质科学院南京地质矿产研究所所刊,8(1):96-98.
• 俞建章,舒文博.1929.湖北襄阳、南漳、宜城、荆门、钟祥、京山等县地质[M].国立中央研究院地质研究所集刊,第8号.
• 云南省地质矿产局.1990.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 张国瑞.1979.对《中国南方泥盆纪无颌类及鱼类化石》一文中有关胴甲类化石描述的几点意见[J].古脊椎动物学报,17(1):85-89.
• 张开华,黄昌旗,林亨才,何文兴,马爱双.2004.闽西南“丁屋岭砾岩”孢子的发现[J].地层学杂志,28(2):240-243.
• 张立军,龚一鸣.2013.四川龙门山地区下泥盆统平驿铺组的遗迹化石[J].古生物学报,52(1):86-95.
• 张小乐,王怿,刘建波,黄璞,徐洪河.2023.扬子板块西北缘下泥盆统平驿铺组双壳类遗迹化石[J].古地理学报,25(2):392-404.
• 张欣平.1992.湖南新化、湘潭等地区跳马涧组的遗迹化石及其沉积环境[J].岩相古地理,12(6):34-42.
• 赵汝璇,张采繁,夏志芬,左自璧,柳祖汉.1978.湖南的泥盆系[C]//华南泥盆系会议论文集.北京:地质出版社,68-89.
• 赵亚曾,黄汲清.1931.秦岭山及四川之地质研究[M].地质专报,甲种,第9号.
• 浙江省地质矿产局.1989.浙江省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 中南地区区域地层表编写组.1974.中南地区区域地层表[M].北京:地质出版社.
• 周怀玲,张振贤.1993.华南泥盆纪陆源碎屑岩的沉积类型[J].广西地质,6(1):1-14.
• 周志强,赵景宇,王嘉树,吴成洋,肖彪,黄璞.2022.贵州都匀下泥盆统蟒山群Zosterophyllum australianum (澳大利亚工蕨)新材料及其古地理意义[J].古地理学报,24(3):479-492.
• 朱家楠,胡雨帆,冯少南.1983.湘鄂交界地区中泥盆世云台观组植物化石的发现及其意义[J].植物学报,25(1):75-81.
• 朱森,吴景祯,叶连俊.1942.四川龙门山地质:上册[M].四川省地质调查所.
• 朱庭祜.1928.广西桂县、横县、永淳、邕宁、宾阳五县地质矿产[M].前两广地质调查所年报,第1号.
• Cai C Y,Chen L Z.1996.On a Chinese Givetian lycopod,Longostachys latisporophyllus Zhu,Hu and Feng,emend.:its morphology,anatomy and reconstruction[J].Palaeontographica Abteilung B,238:1-43.
• Cai C Y,Li X X.1995.A review of Silurian and Devonian macrofloras in China[J].Palaeontologia Cathayana,6:167-214.
• Cascales-Mi?ana B,Xue J Z,Rial G,Gerrienne P,Huang P,Steemans P.2019.Revisiting the spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian Posongchong Formation of Wenshan,Yunnan Province,southwestern China[J].Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,108:339-354.
• Chen X,Ni Y,Lenz A C,Zhang L,Chen Z,Tang L,Jin J.2015.Early Devonian graptolites from the Qinzhou-Yulin region,southeast Guangxi,China[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,52:1000-1013.
• Edwards D,Geng B Y,Li C S.2016.New Plants from the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Group,Jiangyou County,Sichuan Province,China[J].PLoSOne,11:e0163549.
• Edwards D,Li C S.2018a.Further insights into the Lower Devonian terrestrial vegetation of Sichuan Province,China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,253:37-48.
• Edwards D,Li C S.2018b.Diversity in affinities of plants with lateral sporangia from the Lower Devonian of Sichuan Province,China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,258:98-111.
• Edwards D,Li C S,Berry C M.2022.Lower Devonian lycophytes from Sichuan and the palaeogeographic context of coeval plant assemblages from South China[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,183(6):413-431.
• Gai Z K,Lin X H,Shan X R,Ferron H G,Donoghue P C J.2023.Postcranial disparity of galeaspids and the evolution of swimming speeds in stem-gnathostomes[J].National Science Review 10:nward050.DOI:10.1093/nsr/nwad050
• Gao L D.1981.Devonian spore assemblages of China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,34:11-23.
• Grabau A W.1923-1924.Stratigraphy of China.Pt.1,Palaeozoic and Older[M].Geological Survey of China.
• Grabau A W.1931.Problem in Chinese Stratigraphy IV-e.The Devonian of China[M].The Science Quarterly of the National University of Peking.
• Hao S G.1992.Some observations on Zosterophyllum australianum Lang and Cooksoon from the Lwer Devonian of Yunnan,China[J].Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,109(2):189-202.
• Hao S G,Xue J Z.2013.The Early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan:a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and early diversification of vascular plants[M].Beijing:Science Press.
• Hilton J,Geng B,Kenrick P.2003.A novel Late Devonian (Frasnian)woody cladoxylopsid from China[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,164:793-805.
• Huang P,Liu L,Deng Z,Basinger J F,Xue J Z.2017b.Xihuphyllum,a novel sphenopsid plant with large laminate leaves from the Upper Devonian of South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,466:7-20.
• Huang P,Liu L,Liu L,Qin M,Wang D M,Xue J Z.2020.A new plant with novel leaves from the Upper Devonian of Zhejiang Province,China[J].Palaeoworld,29:695-705.
• Huang P,Liu L,Liu L,Wang J S,Xue J Z.2022.Sphenophyllum brongniart(Sphenopsida) from the Upper Devonian of South China[J].Palaeoworld,31:402-418.
• Huang P,Liu L,Qin M,Liu L,Deng Z Z,Wang D M,Basinger J F,Xue JZ.2017a.New Sphenophyllum plant from the Upper Devonian of Zhejiang Province,China[J].Historical Biology,(2):1-11.
• Huang P,Liu L,Xue J Z.2022.A new polysporangiate land plant with novel fertile organs from Lower Devonian of Guizhou,Southwestern China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,302:104661
• Kenrick P A,Li C S.1998.An early non-calcified,dasycladalean agla from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan Province,China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,100:73-88.
• Krause A J,Mills B J W,Zhang S,Planavsky N J,Lenton T M,Poulton SW.2018.Stepwise oxygenation of the Paleozoic atmosphere[J].Nature Communications,9:4081.
• Lenton T M,Dahl T W,Daines S J,Mills B J W,Ozaki K,Saltzman M R,Porada P.2016.Earliest land plants created modern levels of atmospheric oxygen[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,113:9704-9709.
• Li C S.1992.Hsua robusta,an Early Devonian plant from Yunnan,China and its bearing on some structures of early land plants[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,71(1-2):121-147.
• Li C S,Edwards D.1995.A reinvestigation of Halle’s Drepanophycus spinaefprmis Gopp.From the Lower Devonian of Yunnan Province,southern China[J].Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,118:163-192.
• Li C S,Hsu J.1987.Studies on a new Devonian plant Protopteridophyton devonicum assigned to primitive fern from South China[J].Palaeontographic,Abt B,220:97-117.
• Li X X,Cai C Y,Wang Y.1995.Hamatophyton verticillatum (Gu&Zhi)emend.A primitive plant of Sphenopsida from the Upper DevonianLower Carboniferous in China[J].Palaeontographica Abteilung B,235:1-22.
• Liu L,Wang D M,Meng M C,Xue J Z.2017.Further study of Late Devonian seed plant Cosmosperma polyloba and its evolutionary significance[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology,17:149.
• Lu J,Giles S,Friedman M,Den Blaauwen J L,Zhu M.2017.A new stem sarcopterygian illuminates patterns of character evolution in early bony fishes[J].Nature Communications,8:1932.
• Lu J,Zhu M.2010.An onychodont fish (Osteichthyes,Sarcopterygii) from the Early Devonian of China,and the evolution of the Onychodontiformes[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B,277:293-299.
• Lu J,Zhu M,Ahlberg P E,Qiao T,Zhu Y A,Zhao W J,Jia L T.2016.ADevonian predatory fish provides insights into early evolution of modern sarcopterygians[J].Science Advances,2:e1600154.
• Lu J,Zhu M,Long J A,Zhao W J,Senden T J,Jia L T,Qiao T.2012.The earliest known stem-tetrapod from the Lower Devonian of China[J].Nature Communications,3:1160.
• Lu J F,Guo W,Wang Y,Xu H H.2023.The first discovery of Lochkovian(Lower Devonian) conodonts in central Guangxi,South China and its geological implications[J].Journal of Paleontology.DOI:10.1017/jpa.2023.2
• Tian J J,Zhu H C,Huang M,Liu F.2011.Late Silurian to Early Devonian palynomorphs from Qujing,Yunnan,Southwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,85:559-568.
• Wang D M.2007a.Two species of Zosterophyllum from South China and dating of the Xujiachong Formation with a biostratigraphic method[J].Acta Heologic Sinica,81(4):525-538.
• Wang D M.2007b.Tenuisa frasniana gen.et sp.nov.,a plant of euphyllophyte affinity from the Late Devonian of China[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,168(9):1341-1349.
• Wang D M,Basinger J F,Huang P,Liu L,Xue J Z,Meng M C,Zhang Y Y,Deng Z Z.2015a.Latisemenia longshania,gen.et sp.nov.,a new Late Devonian seed plant from China[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B,282:20151613.
• Wang D M,Hao S G.2001.A new species of vascular plants from the Xujiachong Formation (Lower Devonian) of Yunnan Province,China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,114(3-4):157-174.
• Wang D M,Hao S G.2002.Guangnania cuneata gen.et sp.nov.from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan Province,China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,122(1-2):13-27.
• Wang D M,Hao S G.2004.Bracteophyton variatum gen.et sp.nov.,an Early Devonian plant from the Xujiachong Formation of Yunnan,China[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,165(2):337-345.
• Wang D M,Hao S G,Liu Z F.2002.Researches on plants form the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation in the Qujing District,Eastern Yunnan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,76(4):393-407.
• Wang D M,Hao S G,Wang Q.2003a.Hsüa deflexa sp.nov.from the Xujiachong Formation (Lower Devonian) of eastern Yunnan,China[J].Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,142(3):255-271.
• Wang D M,Hao S G,Wang Q.2003b.Tracheid ultrastructure of Hsüa deflexa from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation of Yunnan,China[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,164(3):415-427.
• Wang D M,Hao S G,Wang Q.2005.Rotafolia songziensis gen et comb.Nov.,a sphenopsid from the Late Devonian of Hubei,China[J].Botangical Journal of the Linnean Society,148(1):21-37.
• Wang D M,Lin Y J.2007 A new species of Metacladophyton from the Late Devonian of China[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,168(7):1067-1084.
• Wang D M,Liu L.2015.A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology.DOI:10.1186/s12862-015-0292-6
• Wang D M,Liu L,Guo Y,Xue J Z,Meng M C.2015b.A Late Devonian fertile organ with seed plant affinities from China[J].Scientific Reports,5:10736.
• Wang D M,Liu L,Meng M C,Xue J Z,Liu T,Guo Y.2014a.Cosmosperma polyloba gen.et sp.nov.,a seed plant from the Upper Devonian of South China[J].Naturwissenschaften,101(8):615-622.
• Wang D M,Meng M C,Guo Y.2016.Pollen organ Telangiopsis sp.of Late Devonian seed plant and associated vegetative frond[J].PLoS One,11(1):e0147984.
• Wang D M,Meng M C,Xue J Z,Basinger J F,Guo Y,Liu L.2014b.Changxingia longifolia gen.et sp.nov.,a new lycopsid from the Late Devonian of Zhejiang Province,South China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,203:35-47.
• Wang D M,Qin M,Liu L,Liu L,Zhou L,Zhang Y Y,Huang P,Xue J Z,Zhang S H,Meng M C.2019.The most extensive Devonian fossil forest with small lycopsid trees bearing the earliest Stigmarian roots[J].Current Biology,29:2604-2615.
• Wang D M,Xu H H,Xue J Z,Wang Q,Liu L.2015c.Leaf evolution in early-diverging ferns:insights from a new fern-like plant from the Late Devonian of China[J].Annals of Botany,115(7):1133-1148.
• Wang H,Lei X,Zhang H,Jarzembowski E A,Xu H.2021.New find of Houia (Arthropoda:Euchelicerata) from the Lower Devonian of Guangxi,South China[J].Geological Journal,56:5910-5913.
• Wang K,Xu H H,Liu B C,Bai J,Wang Y,Tang P,Lu J F,Wang Y.2023.Shallow-marine testate amoebae with internal structures from the Lower Devonian of China[J].iScience.DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106678
• Wang Q,Hao S G,Wang D M,Wang Y,Denk T.2003.A Late Devonian arborescent lycopsid Sublepidodendron songziense Chen emend.(Sublepidodendraceae Krausel et Weyland 1949) from China,with a revision of the genus Sublepidodendron (Nathorst) Hirmer 1927[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,127(3-4):269-305.
• Wang Y,Berry C M,Hao S G,Xu H H,Fu Q.2007.The Xichong flora of Yunnan,China-Diversity in a late Mid Devonian plant assemblage[J].Geological Journal,42:339-350.
• Wang Y,Xu H H,Wang Y.2020.Morphology,nomenclature and potential paleophytogeographic implication of Demersatheca contigua (Zosterophyllopsida) from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan and Guangxi,southwestern China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,277:104209.
• Wang Y,Xu H H,Wang Y,Fu Q.2018.A further study of Zosterophyllum sinense Li and Cai (Zosterophyllopsid) based on the type and the new specimens from the Lower Devonian of Guangxi,southwestern China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,258:112-122.
• Xu H H,Fu Q,Wang Y.2018.A new protolepidodendrid lycopsid from the Middle Devonian of Hunan,South China and its palaeogeographic implications[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,256:63-69.
• Xu H H,Wang Y,Chen S Y,Huang P,Zhang X L,Wang Y,Qiao L,Lu JF.2020.Spatio-temporal distribution of Leclercqia (Lycopsida),with its new discovery from the Middle to Upper Devonian of Yunnan,South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,560:110029.
• Xu H H,Wang Y,Tang P,Fu Q,Wang Y.2019.Discovery of Lower Devonian plants from Jiangxi,South China and the pattern of Devonian transgression after the Kwangsian Orogeny in the Cathaysia Block[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,108982.
• Xu H H,Xue J Z,Wang Q.2015.Notes on a fertile rhyniophytoid from the Lower Devonian of Guangxi,southwestern China[J].Historical Biology,27:294-298.
• Xu H H,Zong R W,Wang Q.2012.New materials of Sphinxiocarpon,a seed-like organ of putative lycopsid affinity,from the Late Devonian of Hubei,China[J].Palaeoworld,21:131-136.
• Xue J Z,Deng Z Z,Huang P,Huang K J,Benton M J,Cui Y,Wang D M,Liu J B,Shen B,Basinger J F,Hao S G.2016.Below ground rhizomes in paleosols:the hidden half of an Early Devonian vascular plant[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,113:9451-9456.
• Xue J Z,Hao S G,Wang D M,Liu Z F.2005.A new lycopsid from the Upper Devonian of China[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,166:519-531.
• Xue J Z,Hao S G,Zhu X,Wang D M.2012.A new basal euphyllophyte,Pauthecophyton gen.nov.,from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Yunnan,China[J].Review of Palaeobotany&Palynology,183:9-20.
• Xue J Z,Wang J S,Huang P,Liu L,Huang T Z,Zhang L J,Wang X Y,Shen B,Wang D,Liu J B,Davies N S,Basinger J F.2023.The colonization of drylands by early vascular plants:Evidence from Early Devonian fossil soils and in situ plant traces from South China[J].Earth-Science Reviews,237:104290.
• Zhang J W,Ye T P,Li S C,Yuan G H,Dai C G,Zhang H,Ma Y B.2016.The provenance and tectonic setting of the Lower Devonian sandstone of the Danlin Formation in southeast Yangtze plate,with implications for the Wuyi-Yunkai orogeny in South China Block[J].Sedimentary Geology,346:25-34.
• Zhang X L,Liu J B,Wang Y,Xu H H.2020.The earliest known Spongeliomorpha from the Lower Devonian of the northwestern Yangtze Platform,South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,551:109772.
• Zhang X L,Wang Y,Liu J B,Xu H H.2023.Guangyuanichnus majianus n.igen.n.isp.,a large,complex burrow system from the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Formation of the northwestern Yangtze platform,South China[J].Palaeoworld.DOI:10.1016/j.palowor.2022.12.002.
• Zhang Y D,Wang Y,Zhan R B,Fan J X,Zhou Z Q,Fang X.2014.Ordovician and Silurian stratigraphy and palaeontology of Yunnan,Southwest China.A guide to the field excursion across the South China,Indochina and Sibumasu[M].Beijing:Science Press.
• Zhao W J,Zhu M.2010.Siluro-Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy and biogeography of China[J].Palaeoworld,19(1-2):4-26.
• Zhu M,Wang N Z,Wang J Q.2000.Devonian macro-and microvertebrate assemblages of China[J].Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,223:361-372.
• Zhu M,Yu X B,Choo B,Qu Q M,Jia L T,Zhao W J,Qiao T,Lu J.2012.Fossil fishes from China provide first evidence of dermal pelvic girdles in osteichthyans[J].PloS One,7(4):1-9(e35103).